Building on what Servant of Cats has said:
You can think of the memory dies soldered next to the processor broadly as a fixed number of "memory slots" -- except that Apple gets to decide what sizes they want to solder into them. And Apple has to bear the HIGH cost of having an additional part number and additional thousands of spare parts sitting on shelves around the world, earning nothing until they are used. There is a large amount of pressure to have FEWER variations. Apple wants to limit the choices so that they cover what Apple has decided is their market, and nothing more.
In the Pro model, above 32 GB, there are vanishingly few users who see 'no 36 GB in the PRO model' as a deal-breaker when 48 GB is available as an option. Most will curse at the price, and buy the 48.
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Another observation is that memory pricing is not generally a simple function of memory size. As the chip-maker's yields get better for the larger sizes, prices tend to ease slightly, so that 'double the size' is no longer 'double the price'.
It is entirely possible that at the volume Apple buys, 48 GB -- 32 G chip and a 16 GB chip -- is not 1.5 times the price (or even 1.25 times the price) of a 32 GB chip and a 4 GB chip.
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Another interesting phenomenon is all the chips of a certain variety, fast and slow, come from exactly the same die. They are selected at Test time, right before packaging.
Selection testing occasionally produces chips that have a defect that affects only half or one quarter of the memory array. Rather than discard those chip completely, if designed carefully some of these chips can be patched with a laser or blown fuses to produce "half-sized" or "3/4 sized" chips.
So it is possible Apple could be using two 32 GB dies with one quarter on each chip "patched out" by the chip maker to get to 48 GB from two modified 24 GB chips.