There is currently no option to temporarily pause or disable iPhone Cellular Handoff from the iPhone settings. According to Apple, the shared cellular number automatically becomes active on whichever iPhone you unlock, while the other device becomes inactive for that shared number. Disabling iPhone Handoff requires contacting your carrier.
However, in your particular use case, you may not actually need to disable Handoff.
If your iPhone 17 Pro Max is recording and streaming over Wi-Fi, unlocking your Duo should not, by itself, interrupt the Wi-Fi connection or stop the video recording. The cellular handoff affects which device is active for the shared phone number; it does not necessarily terminate an ongoing Wi-Fi-based streaming session.
The key consideration is whether your streaming application relies on the Pro Max's cellular connection or is streaming entirely over Wi-Fi. If it is Wi-Fi-based, the handoff may not affect your stream at all.
I would recommend testing this with a short recording and streaming session before relying on it for a longer broadcast.
The following is extracted from --> Set up iPhone Handoff
You must contact your carrier to turn off iPhone Handoff. If you delete an eSIM from your iPhone, your carrier may continue to charge you until you request them to turn off the service. Contact your carrier for more details.