I can confirm what you are seeing, the Results from Apps section in System Settings > Spotlight is not there on macOS 27.2. There does not appear to be a way to re-enable that via settings.
I will also note that Apple's documentation still refers that section, but makes no reference to the section that appears to have replaced it, "Results from File Providers":

Source: Spotlight settings on Mac – Apple Support
It is not clear if this is a bug or an intentional change for which the documentation has not yet been modified. Either way, only Apple can change/revert the behavior.
To have Apple consider your feedback, submit it here:
Feedback - macOS - Apple