Try these things:
- Restart the computer (of course)
- Re-start in Safe Mode. This bypasses certain potentially disruptive processes, and it often helps. Safe Mode is different for different computers, so see this:
Start up your Mac in safe mode - Apple Support
- Rebuild your Photos Library--close Photos and re-launch by option-command-clicking the app icon. If you use iCloud Photos, it’s possible that this will cause a re-sync that lasts long enough to make you nervous. I usually turn off wifi when I do this.
Let us know how this goes. What is your storage on this Mac? At System Settings>General> Storage, my Mac says 745 GB of 1TBB used. What does yours say?
You didn't say what format these pictures are in, and that's probably not the problem. But since you can open them in Preview, you should try using File>Export and choose "Show Options" to get a choice of format. You can select multiple pictures and save them as HEIC or ping, and see if those will low into Photos. Preview may clear up whatever's wrong in the export.
You can also right-click a bunch of selected images in Finder, and choose Quick Actions>Convert Image
