Apple will only attempt to charge you automatically if you have a recurring subscription that is active.
If you don't want to be charged, then cancel the subscription. Apple is not telling you when or where you can download, its telling you you have a legal contact going and you are held responsible for fulfilling your end of the contact which is to play for any subscriptions you take out.
If you cannot pay, then you cannot make use of their private servers to download apps and update existing ones, until you pay what you owe.
Apple has no way of knowing if you have money for the payment that is due or not. They attempt to charge and your bank or credit card issuer tells them whether the charge can go through or not.
Again, if you don't want to be charged, cancel your active subscriptions.