Finder error in sorting by name in columns

Sorting by Name in Column view is supported in macOS Tahoe (as it is by previous and the current version of macOS).

More info from Apple: Use the Finder on Mac - Apple Support

If it is not working as expected, first try setting the sort order to something else then back to Name. If that doesn't work, then have you rebooted your Mac? If that does not help, then see if the problem is present when you boot in safe mode. That process performs some system cleanup and clears caches, and also disables 3rd party extensions that may cause problems.

Start up your Mac in safe mode - Apple Support

If that does not correct the issue, test in a new user account. A newly-created user account will have all settings at default, and if the issue does not occur in that new account then it provides guidance on what may need to be changed to correct the issue.

Add a user or group on Mac - Apple Support

Once the testing is complete, the new account can easily be deleted.

Delete a user or group on Mac – Apple Support

Those steps will help to isolate the problem.