I can understand your wanting to be able to open a numbers file from iCloud when using a browser on a non-Mac. On my MacBook, if I double-click on a numbers file in iCloud Drive at iCloud.com from my browser, it does indeed open in the web Numbers app. I've never actually done that before!
However, if I double click on a numbers file in my iCloud Drive on my Mac, it quickly opens in the Numbers app on my Mac, and it's much snappier.
In the browser version I don't run into the errors that you see. Maybe it would help if you gave us more information.
- Why do you want to run the numbers file from the web app rather than using the Mac Numbers app?
- What model is your Mac?
- What macOS does it use?
- Do you use “Optimize Storage” with iCloud Drive?
- …Have you checked to see if the Apple Account is really really the same on the Mac and at iCloud.com?
- …What is your storage at iCloud.com? At System Settings>[name]>iCloud>Storage , my Mac says 176 GB of 200 GB used. What does yours say?
- What is your storage on this Mac? At System Settings>General> Storage, my Mac says 745 GB of 1TBB used. What does yours say?
- Has this problem always existed, or did it just start? Can you think of anything that changed that might affect your device?