I’ve seen a similar question here but no solution. I have an iPhone 12 mini currently running 27.0.1. The volume will randomly lower on its on. For example when scrolling through Instagram. The volume bar does not appear when this happens and it will still show the previous volume level. For example the volume bar will show 100% volume but the actual volume is very low.
It also occurs when calling someone on speaker and switching to safari or iCal to check something.
In both scenarios it’s almost as if it’s switching off the phone call speaker.
I keep Bluetooth turned off and I already turned off attention awareness, loudness protection, and other settings suggested elsewhere. I believe the issue began in a previous iOS version.