Apple provides instructions on changing Screen Time settings for yourself and your family members, I suggest that you read those instructions carefully.
Change Screen Time settings on Mac - Apple Support
This support article details what is new in macOS 27 with links to additional info:
What’s new with parental controls in Screen Time and Family Sharing - Apple Support
To you specific points, in macOS System Settings and iOS Settings you can access Screen Time via Family or Screen Time, both work. To select a family member, on your Mac go to System Settings > Screen Time and use the drop-down menu in the upper right corner. Likewise, the Share Across Devices is present on both. Note that that setting applies to your own screen time settings, for children in a family group that setting does not need to be on since those are 'imposed' on all the child's devices.
macOS 27.0.1

iOS 27.0.1

I see the same settings on my iPad Pro running 27.0.1, not going to bother with a screenshot of that.
I can manage screen time settings just fine for my two minor children (my college freshman is an adult and adults cannot have screen time managed via Family Sharing). Doesn't matter if I make changes to them on any of my three devices. I do not have screen time set up for myself, if I did then toggling Share Across Devices would make it apply on all of them.
If things are not working as expected (and as they are working for me), then here are some possible troubleshooting steps.
Flush Ghost Devices from Family Sharing
The new architecture requires every single active device in your Family Sharing group to be completely updated to use the new Screen Time database. If you have an old iPad in a drawer, an old Mac, or a "ghost" duplicate device tied to your child's or your own Apple ID, the syncing network will break silently. [
- On your iPhone, go to Settings > Family.
- Tap View Family Devices (or review each family member's device list).
- If you see any old, unused, or duplicate devices that cannot be updated, remove them from the account entirely.
Trigger the "Get Started" Reset
Even if all your main devices are updated, the backend sometimes fails to migrate your rules to the new syncing protocol. You can manually push this:
- Go to Settings > Family on your device.
- If you see a button that says Get Started under the parental controls section, tap it. This forces Apple's servers to re-index and map your current rules across the new architecture.
- How to verify it worked: Tap your child's name under Settings > Family and select Screen Time. If you see a "Pause Device" button, the new cloud infrastructure is active. If you don't, the devices are still stuck on the legacy syncing protocol.
Change the Child's Device Name
A possible bug in the iCloud Family cache may cause changes made on a Mac to conflict with changes made on an iPhone. Forcing a name change clears out stale tokens on Apple's sync servers.
- On your kid's iPhone, go to Settings > General > About > Name.
- Change the name slightly (e.g., from "Leo's iPhone" to "Leo iPhone").
- Restart their device, then restart your Mac and iPhone. This forces all three devices to handshake fresh connection data
Toggle the Sync State on the Child's Profile
If "Share Across Devices" is missing from your own menu, you have to ensure the child's profile itself isn't blocking the sync:
- Go to your child's device directly.
- Open Settings > Screen Time.
- Scroll down to see if a local sync or restriction toggle is blocking remote management, or temporarily Turn Off Screen Time directly on their device, restart it, and re-enable it strictly from your iPhone's Family menu