I have five iPhone 16, almost identical configurations, using same USB-C to USB-C cable to transfer files to windows PC, they have different IOS. One get the "Trust this computer" popup, the others does not. The working one has IOS 26.2, the others has 26.4.2, 25, 27.0.1. The working one should have identical configuration with one that does not work. We have more iPhone 16 but I dont know how many has this problem. Using other cables or computers give the same result.
All iPhones are supervised and using Workspace One. All windows PC are managed with Intune.