Do you keep Time Machine backups? Since iCloud is not intended as a backup service, we do have to keep our own.
Macs actually do keep automatic backups for the last few days. Since you're using a Mac, you might be able to take advantage of Tahoe's automatic Time Machine backups. If you open the Disk Utility app, you can go to your drive's Data volume and look into a recent auto-backup.

Find one before the deletion and double click on it: you can navigate to your User's folder and Documents or Desktop, and restore your files to the Mac.
If you use Optimize Storage, or if you've chosen to keep those missing files off-loaded, then this Time Machine backup may not include those files.
My automatic backups go back one week.
By the way-- you don't have to have all your documents saved to iCloud. That's all under your control.
Understanding iCloud Drive - Apple Community