Where is my recovery information?

I have/had two iphones. One personal and one business. I lost one of my phones and cannot sign into my icloud email. Even though I don't have the lost phone, password recovery is giving me a very old phone number to help recover my account. Now I want to check the information on the iphone I still have and make sure all the information is correct. I've search my phone and can't find any information on what would be needed to recover my account. Where can I find this information?