Welcome!
We do not know what model iPad you have and that can be very important to your issue. Why?
Action by Apple last year set a new minimum OS version for access to iCloud services at iPadOS. Starting at the same time we began to see many posts like yours. That lack of iCloud access apparently means old iPads incapable of running iPadOS 11 can no longer access the activation servers. Affected iPad models are:
— iPad 1st through 4th Generation
— iPad Mini 1st Generation.
This does NOT affect any iPad Air or iPad Pro models.
See which iPad you have: Identify your iPad model - Apple Support
Please post what you find, but do NOT post a serial number.
As your fellow end user, this is my observation based on experience and seeing similar posts here. If you need a official answer, you'll need to ask Apple and they do not respond in these user-to-user forums.