The workarounds that were available under Tahoe remain viable on Golden Gate:
Set the dialog box to List View
- In an Open or Save dialog box, use the toolbar to change the setting

- That setting will be retained and upon reopening the dialog box (in any app), the folder shown will be the last used, regardless of how deep it is nested
Use a keyboard arrow press
- In the open or save dialog box in Column view, press the right or up/down arrow keys
- That will shift the focus to the last folder
Bugs can be reported to Apple here:
Feedback - macOS - Apple
At this point, it may be an intentional change on the part of Apple but feedback may get them to reverse it.
I can replicate this issue on macOS 27 Golden Gate. When using an Open or Save dialog in an app such as Photoshop, but also in native macOS apps including Safari, if you are deep in a folder hierarchy in Column view then the expected behavior when you RE-visit that dialog box is for the far right column to be visible. Instead, the hierarchy starts at the left.
Reporting issues like this to Apple is the only way to get them fixed. They do prioritize bugs based on frequency of reports, so the more people who report it, the faster it will be addressed.