Well, it's good you can see pictures! Have you made a duplicate of your Library? It is even possible that in the duplication process, especially in transferring to an external drive, repairs might be made by Finder.
I think if I had tried all else, and if it were still a mess, I would try the "awkward" process I suggested earlier--only if there is a backup, of course. That is, right click on the Library, choose "Show Package Contents"

to see something like this:

The Originals folder has all your original unmodified pictures, but their file names have been changed to a GUID (Global Unique Identifier) to avoid name duplication. These names are pretty useless to us humans, but the pictures are unmodified.
The, create a new folder and transfer these items one at a time to the new folder. If, in transferring "resources" for instance, you get an error, then open that folder so see this:

and transfer these folders one by one, perhaps finding the one that caused the error. The "renders" folder, for instance, may contain full resolution edited versions of most of the pictures, again with GUID names. But don't change anything!
If you find a problem file, you might try to open it in Preview or an editor like GraphicConverter ($40) or whatever you have, and save a clean version. If you have to, you can simply skip a file that is causing the trouble, and that might work. Corrupted files are often videos, so there may not be much you can do with them other than leaving them out.
Let us know how it's going…